The probationers handbook pdf

The Administration has adopted a harmonized and integrated treatment program for these clients to effect their rehabilitation. The Therapeutic Community Modality is a self-help social learning treatment model used for clients with problems of drug abuse and other behavioral problems such as alcoholism, stealing, and other anti-social tendencies. This activity intends to assist the clients in trying to sort out their problems, identify solutions, reconcile conflicts and help resolve them.

This could be done either by individual or group interaction with the officers of the Agency. Seminars, lectures or trainings offered or arranged by the Agency comprise these rehabilitation activities. Active NGOs, schools, civic and religious organizations are tapped to facilitate the activities. The program includes the setting up of seminars and skills training classes like food preservation and processing, candle making, novelty items and handicrafts making, etc.

To address some of the basic needs of clients and their families, medical missions are organized to provide various forms of medical and health services including physical examination and treatment, free medicines and vitamins, dental examination and treatment, drug dependency test and laboratory examination. In coordination with LGU programs, adult education classes are availed of to help clients learn basic writing, reading and arithmetic.

Likewise, literacy teach-ins during any sessions conducted for clients become part of the module. This program refers to the services in the community rendered by clients for the benefit of society. It includes tree planting, beautification drives, cleaning and greening of surroundings, maintenance of public parks and places, garbage collection, blood donation and similar socio-civic activities.

This program takes the form of cooperatives and client associations wherein the clients form cooperatives and associations as an economic group to venture on small-scale projects. Similarly, client associations serve another purpose by providing some structure to the lives of clients where they re-learn the basics of working within a group with hierarchy, authority and responsibility much like in the bigger society.

It may refer to diversion from formal court processes, The growth in restitution programs within the United to actions taken in parallel with court States has been significant. According to the Office of decisions, and to meetings between Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention OJJDP , offenders and victims at any stage of the over new restitution programs have been initiated criminal process.

The overall restitution goal of these programs centers on the goal A restorative justice framework focuses on repairing of holding an offender accountable for his or her the damage done to victims and the community through a process of negotiation, mediation, victim actions while making amends to the victim of their crime for the damage or harm done Schiff, A empowerment, and reparation Zehr, In terms of restorative justice paradigm considers restitution as a justice and crime, it is not a specific program or a set of major part of the reparation process, as it attempts to programs, but rather a new philosophy of justice that is restore the victim as well as the community to the state based on the values of responsibility, inclusiveness, that existed before the offense was committed.

Thereby, RJ can be placed on a continuum, ranging from fully There have been numerous studies documenting restorative i. However, the study further revealed that restitution was not always imposed, even when it Similarly, an OJJDP study reports that when was possible for the offenders to make compensation.

Another complete it, they recidivate at lower rates than those implementation issue is that restitution payments may that failed to do so. These results also applied to not be enforced, as it is unclear as to who is programs that accepted more risky juvenile offenders. In addition to these implementation issues, there completed their payments and had relatively low have been other challenges facing restitution recidivism rates 8 and 14 percent after six months and programs.

For example, there is a concern that one year, respectively. For example, juveniles, who typically do not have an successful reintegration into society Braithwaite, income, or indigent persons, who owe monies to The corrective aspect ideally Despite these positive outcomes, there is some would include assisting or guiding offenders to identify research that indicates that restitution programs are or increase genuine awareness that what they have ineffective.

Lurigio and Davis point out that that done not only violated the law but also caused harm to some offenders may be unable to pay restitution. However, especially applies to juveniles who, while having fewer there has been some debate in terms of defining financial obligations, have fewer actual or potential empathy as a construct in the field of criminal justice sources of income Walsh, This limitation studies.

The most common definition is that in constitutes an important consideration for sentencing. In addition to this broad definition, Hillenbrand, ; Ruback et al. The cognitive firewood to members of the community earning aspect addresses the way an individual understands restitution money for their victims. Juvenile probation emotions of another person, mainly in terms of the reviews all cases and offers program participation to perspective they take.

Emotional empathy reflects the juvenile delinquents to complete their court ordered extent to which an individual understands or considers community service. Participation is completely the consequences of their behavior for the overall well- voluntary. While there are no explicit inclusionary or being of other people or how their behavior would exclusionary criteria such as type of offense or criminal affect the feelings of others.

There are no additional psychological or Empathy has been considered central to moral diagnostic criteria specifically employed for the development as it supports prosocial behavior and program, beyond the standard intake assessments for consideration of others, and fosters altruistic motivation youths deemed appropriate for community supervision. In fact, research has shown that those with higher levels of empathy are less likely to participate in The program is advertised to the community delinquent behavior, and those who have little empathy primarily through prominent signage and word-of- for others are more likely to participate in anti-social or mouth.

Probationers have limited direct interaction with delinquent behavior Broidy et al. Offenders who are a county employee while engaged in the delivery of the evaluated as psychopaths, for example, have low firewood. However, the program does involve giving levels of empathy and are more likely to both have youths a skill set and basic job experience that may excessively violent offenses and to recidivate Harpur, assist them in future employment opportunities.

Furthermore, most prior studies on restitution restorative justice. The current study aims to address this gap to victims and 2 raise juvenile levels of empathy by in the literature through examining the BARJ based participating in a restorative justice program. The focus Firewood Program in a rural Northeastern of the current study is to examine if these two Pennsylvania County. Respondents are asked to indicate the make restitution, but did not participate in a RJ based degree of agreement or disagreement with each of the restitution program.

Hypothesis 2 states that the items. While much sorrow for those who are responsible for their the first hypothesis tested the difference between the own misery. The total positive values are before and after program completion.

Based on the raw Sample score, a standardized z score can be obtained and a level of empathy can be determined. Mehrabian Both groups of juveniles were from two rural established the norms for the assessment to have a counties in Northeastern Pennsylvania.

County A subjects participated in the Firewood program to make restitution in addition to their Analyses probationary sentences , whereas County B juveniles served regular probation with restitution orders and did To test hypothesis 1, an independent sample t-test not have access to the program.

The total sample size was conducted to examine if there was a significant of this study was 52 juvenile probationers 26 from difference between the mean number of days it took to each county. From authorized access to court records, complete restitution requirements between juveniles we matched participants from both counties in terms of from County A and B.

To sentence. Measures RESULTS The current study examines two variables: 1 length of time to complete restitution requirements and 2 Sample Demographics level of emotional empathy exhibited by juvenile delinquents before and after program completion. The The sample demographics are presented in Table restitution amount was established by the courts based 1. The total number of participants in this study on the degree of loss attributed to the victims.

Juveniles were placed on probation for as long as Since the two groups were matched in terms of their needed up to age The length of time it took to demographics, the gender ratio The ages ranged from 12 to 17 the completion date of restitution requirements. Seven juveniles of each group had response to the perceived emotional experiences of been previously arrested.

All others had only one previous arrest for offenses delinquents who participated in the Firewood Program such as possession of illegal substances, theft, criminal to complete restitution requirements. As indicated above, there was no set time by the Table 1: Sample Demographics court to complete the restitution payments. Comparison of Emotional Empathy Scores Pre and Except for two juveniles who had two current Post Completion of the Program offenses, all juveniles had one current offense.

The types of current offenses for both groups were similar, A dependent t test was conducted to determine if with the majority of offenses being misdemeanors. The there was a statistical difference between the emotional most frequent type of offenses for both groups was empathy scores as measured by the BEES theft The three other scores obtained following their completion of the offense types were criminal trespassing, vandalism, program.

To reiterate, this comparison only included and access device fraud. The results of the analysis indicate that the emotional Comparison of Restitution Payments empathy scores significantly increased following the completion of the restitution program Table 4.

SE t df Sig. County B Before Program Participation 26 This turn, helped them appreciate the amount of harm they overall increase in the emotional empathy scores pre caused and their responsibility to repair it. This last is and post program completion also applied to all only speculation, however, and was not directly tested individual scores of the participants.

The There have been many restitution programs results show that the mean empathy score for all implemented across the United States that are based participants was significantly higher following the on the philosophy of the restorative justice model. The completion of the program than the mean empathy Firewood Program in a Northeastern Pennsylvania score obtained prior to beginning the program. All county is one such program, which utilizes the participants demonstrated an increase in their ratings community service of chopping and preparing firewood of items on the assessment of empathy.

Consequently, to restore the financial damage of victims of crimes the Firewood program indeed appeared to influence committed by juvenile delinquents. Both hypotheses were supported following the Although the hypotheses were supported in this analysis of the data collected from the experimental study, it should be noted that the Firewood program is group of delinquents who participated in the Firewood not a pure RJ approach.

It contains some traditional, Program and the control group of juvenile delinquents adversarial notions e. The first not directly communicate with each other and while hypothesis stated that participation in the restitution program participation is voluntary, community service is program would minimize the length of time it took for part of a mandated court order.

Therefore, although delinquents to complete their restitution requirements, these results support some of the central tenets of the i. The RJ model, they do not reflect the testing of a pure RJ results indicate that it took juveniles participating in the program.

For future implementation of the program, a Firewood Program significantly less time to complete more collaborative process involving victims might be the restitution payments and fulfilling their monetary considered to increase the restorative impact of the obligation to their victims. The program provided program and victim satisfaction. In the case of the Firewood features of the counties. The latter is due to the court- participants, who scored only low to medium on the mandated limits regarding the eligibility of offenders to YLS, these multi-level interventions and services did participate in the program.

Therefore, the program provides an opportunity to supplement the traditional justice Although all delinquents who participated in the system in this case standard juvenile probation with Firewood Program were included in the analysis for this RJ principles and processes. In addition, there results on RJ processes. However, further evaluative were several characteristics of the participants that research regarding RJ based programs and processes need to be taken in to account when interpreting the within the criminal justice system is needed.

Further, the studies that do exist produce, to some extent, results. All participants were white and were the product of low socio-economic status. It is therefore inconsistent results and many surveys are subject to possible that the exclusion of other racial groups, as methodological shortcomings. For instance, one well as participants with a more varied socio-economic shortcoming is the problem self-selection, i. Only low to medium risk of offenders were ; Wenzel et al.

Available online at: www. The curriculum guide also includes a marketing notebook to assist vocational consumer and family education Skip to content. Author : Michigan. Child welfare. Criminal justice, Administration of.